The Giver Free Essays

The Giver †Summary The Giver This book is about a kid names Jonas. Jonas lives in an advanced society where there is no agony, dread, war, and contempt. There is additionally no partiality, since everybody looks and acts fundamentally the equivalent, there is next to no opposition. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Giver or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now They have additionally wiped out decision. You need to apply for a companion. You can't simply picked who you need and wed them, the network does it for you. His father fills in as a Nurturer of new kids, and his mother works at the Department of Justice. He likewise has a younger sibling named Lilly†¦. [tags: articles explore papers]559 words (1. 6 pages)$9. 95 [preview] The Giver †The Giver: Book Report The story begins as Jonas, a twelve-year-old kid, who is sitting tight for his life task. At the point when he is given his task, he is picked to be the Receiver of Memory. As the Receiver he needs to get each memory from everywhere throughout the world from the old Receiver he calls The Giver. The Giver: The Giver is the man who is the old Receiver. He is likewise the person who gives Jonas the recollections. In the network were Jonas lives is everything is controlled, even people’s memory. The Giver is the one in particular who isn't controlled†¦. [tags: papers look into papers]480 words (1. 4 pages)$9. 95 [preview] The Giver †Book Report †The Giver The Giver by Louis Lowry was distributed in 1993. I didn't pick this book it was prescribed to me I characterize this book as an inward experience. As in Jonas experiences a passionate transformation (maybe) Jonas lives in a network where torment, inconsiderateness, and war are non-existent. All youngsters experiences a function in December consistently until they arrive at twelve years old, so, all in all they get their Assignments, the employments they will proceed as grown-ups. An advisory group of Elders cautiously observes every kid so as to figure out which grown-up occupation best suits their abilities and interests†¦. labels: articles explore papers]1057 words (3 pages)$19. 95 [preview] The Giver †The book The Giver by Louis Lowry is an extremely intriguing book that everybody should set aside some effort to peruse. This book takes you through a network of individuals where everything must be great. The story line is based around a kid named Jonas. Everybody in the network is doled out an occupation when they turn twelve and its Jonas go to step up and land his position. This book is fascinating in light of the fact that everything must be great, Jonas lands the best position, and the experience Jonas needs to experience to spare another conceived kid named Gabriel†¦. labels: expositions look into papers]400 words (1. 1 pages)FREE Essays [view] The Giver †The Giver Essay Have you at any point wanted to start from the very beginning once more. Numerous individuals might want to have the chance to make a fresh start. In the book, The Giver, by Lois Lowry, Jonas is making a fresh start by making an end. Jonas is making an end by leaving the network. He leaves with Gabriel since he needs to encounter genuine things outside the network. He was harmed in the network since he was unable to share his emotions. He needed to have the option to share and experience his emotions with other people†¦. labels: articles examine papers]383 words (1. 1 pages)FREE Essays [view] The Giver †He was a tranquil looking man, with an enormous round gut and blushing red cheeks. Jonas couldn’t help however grin as he gazed at the delicate looking figure. The man looked down at the freezing pair. He saw Jonas’ trembling blue lips and the small shaking heap of cover that was Gabriel. The man promptly welcomed Jonas into his home and shouted for his significant other to get covers and hot cocoa. Jonas sat modestly packaged in covers as the entirety of the outsiders around him murmured to one another about him and Gabe†¦. labels: papers inquire about papers]806 words (2. 3 pages)FREE Essays [view] Lois Lowry’s The Giver †Lois Lowry’s The Giver There is a great deal of contention on why the book â€Å"The Giver† was named â€Å"The Giver†. A wide range of perspectives are communicated in the piece which gives a wide range of explanations b ehind the name. The book was entitled The Giver since this individual is the person who transmits recollections to the Receiver-in-preparing with the goal that the recollections can be given to the generations†¦. [tags: Louis Lowry Giver]970 words (2. 8 pages)FREE Essays [view] What is a Ring-supplier? †What is a Ring-supplier. Those who’ve been requested the meaning of a ring-supplier have replied with an astounded outward appearance, â€Å"Does it have anything to do with the film Lord of the Rings? † Or others may just feel that the word â€Å"ring-giver† essentially implies an individual who gives out rings. This word can be viewed as an obscure term since it would seem like it has one ramifications, however truth be told, it really has a more profound significance. During the Anglo-Saxon period, the word â€Å"ring-giver† is likewise named as a kenning, which is an all-inclusive metaphor†¦. [tags: Definition Ring Giver Essays]587 words (1. 7 pages)FREE Essays [view] The Giver by Lois Lowry †The provider is composed from the perspective of Jonas, an eleven-year-old kid living in a cutting edge society that has disposed of all torment, dread, war, and disdain. There is no partiality, since everybody looks and acts fundamentally the equivalent, and there is next to no opposition. Everybody is unfailingly considerate. The general public has likewise dispensed with decision: at age twelve each individual from the network is allocated a vocation dependent on their capacities and interests. Residents can apply for and be alloted good companions, and each couple is allocated precisely two kids each†¦. [tags: Lois Lowry Giver]1105 words (3. pages)$19. 95 [preview] The Giver by Lois Lowry †In numerous works of writing, a character affects another character. Lois Lowry showed this idea in The Giver. At the point when one of the fundamental characters in the novel gave a positive impact to another character. In this work, the individuals live d in a network that was intended to be about impeccable. No individual could see shading, feel neither disdain nor love; nobody had a decision in either occupation or instruction. In this novel, kids were allocated to a family when they were youthful and were raised by two parents†¦. [tags: Lois Lowry Giver] Step by step instructions to refer to The Giver, Essay models The Giver Free Essays Making an Acrostic Poem In this exercise, you will make a noteworthy acrostic sonnet. You will utilize your Intel-based MacBook, or iMac, (or other Macintosh PC running OSX 10. 5 or higher), and the preloaded programming to finish the undertaking. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Giver or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Pictures are given to help you en route, and there is an example sonnet on the last page of this exercise. Attempt to follow the means in the movement as intently as could be expected under the circumstances, yet once you have a vibe for the manner in which the product works, don't hesitate to expand so as to customize your sonnet and further build up your PC aptitudes. Here is a rundown of the instruments you’ll use: HardwareSoftware ComputerMS Office-Word iSight CameraDashboard Widget-Dictionary/Thesaurus PrinterPhotoBooth, iPhoto (discretionary) Procedure: Setting Up the Document 1. Open MS Word application. Search for the symbol in the Dock. On the off chance that you can’t discover it there, open a New Finder Window, at that point click on Applications, at that point scoll down to MicroSoft Office 2004 or Office X, at that point open (or grow) that envelope to show the symbol. Double tap on it to open the application. 2. Pull down the File menu to New Blank Document, or, in the Project Gallery, click Word Document, at that point click Done. . Type the title of the sonnet (name of the individual, creature, thing) on the main line of the page, in a perfect world with every capital letter. 4. Press the arrival key a few times to leave some space between the title and the principal line of the sonnet. 5. Presently type a similar word vertically, down the left half of the page, again in all captial letters, squeezing the arrival key after each letter, with the goal that each letter is on its own line. Don’t stress over the appearance being fairly dull now. The primary undertaking is to get the structure down. 6. Spare your report. A few understudies may comment that they â€Å"†¦have not completed yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is a decent chance to advise ourselves that we ought to be sparing our work at an early stage all the while, and afterward over and over as the archive develops. Pull down the File menu to Save†¦ A ‘sheet’ will show up at the highest point of your window. The one appeared here shows that the record will be spared as: HENRY. doc on the Desktop. (You may choose to have your understudies spare their work with an increasingly explicit name, and in another area. ) Click Save. Utilizing the Dashboard Widget †Dictionary/Thesaurus 7. Snap on the Dashboard symbol in the Dock. 8. The word reference gadget may as of now be available on your work area, yet on the off chance that it isn't, click on the in addition to sign (in the hover in the lower left corner of the screen), and different gadgets that are accessible will show up. 9. Snap on the word reference gadget (it additionally incorporates the thesaurus). The gadget will show up. You can drag it anyplace you like. Snap on the Thesaurus button at the highest point of the gadget, at that point type in a word you need to discover equivalents for. Let’s state, for instance, that you need to discover a word that implies ‘friendly’, however you don’t have a â€Å"F† in your name. Type the word benevolent in, and afterward search for a word that begins with the letter you need. 0. When you have discovered the word, click on the Word symbol in the Dock to come back to your acrostic sonnet. Type your statement on the line that creatures with its first letter. Rehash this procedure until you have filled in all the lines of your sonnet. Make sure to keep on sa

What impact did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the civil rights movement Example For Students

What effect did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the social liberties development What effect did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the social equality development in the United States of America in the period somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965? In the United States of America (USA), in the period 1960 to 1965, the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X strongly affected the social liberties development. Through the strong lessons of Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X, African-Americans increased a more noteworthy familiarity with the horrendous monstrosities submitted against them by Caucasians since the commencement of the USA and explicitly during the social equality battle, and this affected on the social equality development as issues, for example, racial savagery and imbalance were uncovered by the lessons of the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam engaged numerous African-Americans to go to bat for their human rights, while Malcolm X gave a solid guide to African-Americans of somebody who was eager to support the principal privileges of the race which emphatically affected on the social liberties development. We will compose a custom paper on What effect did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam have on the social equality development explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The Nation of Islam offered an outrageous option to the peaceful methodology of Martin Luther King Junior and other social liberties gatherings and set the expectations for uniformity of King unquestionably progressively adequate to Caucasians, in spite of the way that the feeling of militancy that went with Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam gave the African-American individuals more noteworthy voice, quality and solidarity inside the network, the extraordinary perspectives on the Nation of Islam contrarily affected upon the social liberties development in the period 1960 to 1965, as their convictions clashed with other social liberties gatherings and pioneers which gained ground and solidarity harder to accomplish inside African-American culture. In this manner, the overwhelming nearness of Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam in the USA somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965, strongly affected the social equality development in spite of the positive and negative reactions that were i nspired. The lessons of the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X affected on the social liberties development as they uncovered and made a more noteworthy consciousness of the barbarities submitted against African-Americans since their commencement. Dark Muslims accept that the white man is the villain 1 and that Caucasians after some time had ransacked, assaulted, beaten and demolished the Black man 2. This way of thinking emphatically spoke to numerous African-Americans, as in addition to the fact that it revealed the violations that had been submitted by Caucasians however it likewise set forward the possibility that African-Americans are better than Caucasians. The Nation of Islams lessons were regularly acknowledged by those in the most helpless and misused situation inside society as they found the lessons and methods of reasoning of Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X pertinent and genuine to their encounters. This applied to a youthful Malcolm X who in his collection of memoirs expressed, when I recalled I was unable to recollect a solitary beneficial thing a white individual had ever done to me 3. Monstrosities submitted against African-Americans by Caucasians incorporate the terrible lynchings that happened over the USA, with around 3,445 African-American lynshings somewhere in the range of 1882 and 1968. The seriousness, hardness and prejudice of the lynchings outlines the monstrosities that the Nation of Islam uncovered in its lessons, commonly, the casualties were hung or consumed to death by crowds of White vigilantes, every now and again before a huge number of onlookers, a significant number of whom would take bits of the dead people body as gifts to help recollect the dynamite occasion 4. The way of thinking of the Nation of Islam uncovered the outrages that Caucasians had submitted against African-Americans since the beginning and in the period somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965, and consequently both the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X affected firmly upon the social liberties development. .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .postImageUrl , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:hover , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:visited , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:active { border:0!important; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:active , .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc f35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucf35a1a44a870c66f3b369682d337f16:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Men And Women Argumentative EssayThe solid lessons of the Nation of Islam and the authority of Malcolm X affected on the social equality development as it engaged numerous African-Americans inside the network to defend their major human rights and challenge the individuals who compromise these rights. The lessons of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam are that the African-American race is better than the Caucasian race, and that the Black Man will suffer always, for he is conceived in nobility 5. This way of thinking endorsed more prominent quality inside the African-American people group previously and during the social equality battle and subsequently emphatically affected upon the social equality development as African-Americans were urged to take a stab at the significance and matchless quality that African-Americans had been denied of, as per the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam additionally utilized African history to join together and engage African-Americans who had constrained information on any racial history, as Malcolm X expressed, something that caused the Black Muslim development to develop was its accentuation upon things African. African blood, African starting point, African culture, African ties. What's more, youd be amazed we found that profound inside the subliminal of the dark man in this nation, he is still more African than he is American. 6 The assembled African-American front of the Nation of Islam is delineated in the foundation of This candid and solid administration of Malcolm X, also affected upon the social equality development as African-Americans followed the model Malcolm X set as exhibited through the declaration of an activist after Malcolm Xs passing, What made Malcolm X an extraordinary man, is that he had the guts to state what nine-tenths of American Negroes might want to state however dont have the guts to state. 7 Malcolm X pulled in numerous African-Americans to the Nation of Islam through advancing a religion that was seen to go to bat for African-Americans against Caucasians, I put stock in a religion that puts stock in opportunity. Whenever I need to acknowledge a religion that wont let me take on a conflict for my kin, I state to hellfire with that religion 8. This solid quality and desire that Malcolm X passed on enabled African-Americans and therefore, there was a more noteworthy African-American voice inside the USA in the time of 1960-1965. The developing nearness of the Nation of Islam with its outrageous and regularly saw hostile perspectives on its individuals in the USA somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965, permitted crafted by King and associations needing coordination, to get more extensive acknowledgment as an option in contrast to the dark force and dark patriotism that the Nation of Islam advertised. NAACP, SCLC. Additionally, many pitted Malcolm X against King and the favored option for African-Americans and clearly Caucasians was King. Malcolm X understood that the apparently serious and radical Black Muslims made King unmistakably progressively worthy to Caucasians, At one time the whites in the United States considered him a racialist, and fanatic, and a Communist. At that point the Black Muslims went along and the whites said thanks to the Lord for Martin Luther King 9. The serious and supremacist perspectives on the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X affected on the social liberties development as it regularly made the peaceful equalitarian perspectives on King and other social liberties bunches increasingly satisfactory to Caucasians and numerous African-Americans in the USA somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1965. The outrageous perspective on Caucasians taken by Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam, adversely affected on the social equality development, as it separated the connection between the two races. As the Nation of Islam saw Caucasians with such hatred and outrage, the capacity of Muslim pioneers su

What to Expect From Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

What to Expect From Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Print Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 13, 2019 Image Source / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Binge Drinking Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Alcohol withdrawal is an unpleasant set of symptoms that heavy drinkers experience when they stop drinking. Many people drink too much every once in a while, and many also drink too much a lot of the time. While it is a great idea to quit drinking, you should also think through whether you might experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and how to manage them, before quitting cold turkey. Depending on how much you have been drinking and for how long, alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be severe and even life-threatening, so talk to your doctor for individual advice.?? This article is intended to help you to understand what could happen when you quit drinking and is not a substitute for medical advice. When to Expect Withdrawal If you have been drinking heavily for a while, whether as a regular pattern, in binges, or if you have become addicted, you may want to know what to expect if you stop drinking and go into alcohol withdrawal. For those who have become addicted to alcohol, you are likely to experience some withdrawal symptoms when you quit, but withdrawal can also happen after periodic heavy drinking.?? The initial hangover can vary in time and intensity and can last for hours, but you will usually start to feel better within a day. In contrast, alcohol withdrawal worsens over the first few hours and days and lasts from days to a week or more. Some drinkers experience weeks or months of withdrawal symptoms, known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS).?? The exact experience and severity of alcohol withdrawal varies from person to person. Alcohol Cravings Most people who are withdrawing from alcohol experience a strong desire to drink more. This is known as experiencing cravings, and cravings are common among people withdrawing from many addictive substances. Part of the craving is driven by the wish to reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, and part of it is the desire to re-experience the pleasure of alcohol intoxication.?? How to Gauge the Severity of Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms Mood Changes Withdrawing from alcohol takes its toll on your mood. One way of thinking about withdrawal is that it is like having to pay back a loan. You get an advance on some good feelings while you are drunk, but then you are saddled with a debt of those same feelings during the withdrawal phase. This is called a rebound effect and is part of your body’s way of maintaining homeostasis.?? Once you have paid off the debt, you can feel good again naturally. Many people drink to feel relaxed and happy. So when you withdraw from alcohol, you can expect to feel anxious and miserable, simply because your body is adjusting to the relaxant and mood-elevating effects of alcohol not being there. Another reason that withdrawal feels so bad is that many people drink to cover up negative feelings, like grief, anxiety, and frustration. Without the numbing effect of alcohol, and without having dealt with the underlying cause of those negative feelings, you can feel overwhelmed emotionally, just when you are at your weakest. It can be helpful to go through withdrawal in a supportive atmosphere, where negative feelings wont be provoked. You can tackle alcohol withdrawal at home, but this is only a good idea if your family or other people at home are going to be kind, sensitive, and supportive during the process, so talk it over with them beforehand.?? And it is still a good idea to talk it over with your doctor, so they can give you medication that may prevent the riskiest symptoms from happening. Sleep Problems Despite the tiredness you are probably feeling, alcohol withdrawal often causes insomnia (having trouble getting to sleep or staying asleep).?? Nausea or Vomiting Vomiting, or feeling as if you are going to vomit (nausea) is a recognized aspect of alcohol withdrawal. You probably wont feel like going out and about anyway, but wherever you are, make sure you have a bathroom close by. Physical Agitation People going through alcohol withdrawal often feel physically agitated. This is exacerbated by an increase in heart rate and sweating. You might also get physical tremors and notice your hands shaking.?? Obviously, this will make you feel unwell, but it is important to recognize these withdrawal symptoms for what they are, and not just the symptoms of a cold or flu. When to See a Doctor If you experience these symptoms and have not received treatment for alcohol withdrawal, see your doctor or go to the emergency room of your nearest hospital. Medication can prevent some of the more serious withdrawal symptoms, such as hallucinations and seizures. Hallucinations Hallucinations, which can occur on their own or be part of the severe withdrawal syndrome of delirium tremens (DT), are among the more severe symptoms of alcohol withdrawal â€" but not everyone who goes through withdrawal will experience them. Hallucinations involve seeing, hearing or feeling things that are not there, and can be quite unpleasant. Some people who experience hallucinations find them frightening and think they are going crazy. While some people can develop substance-induced psychosis as a result of using alcohol or other drugs, in most cases, the hallucinations stop after treatment or after the withdrawal has run its course.?? Its better to see a doctor and get the medication than to try and cope on your own, as this can also prevent one of the potentially most dangerous alcohol withdrawal symptom: seizures.? Seizures While seizures are uncommon, they are normal symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, and you should always prepare for and avoid the risk of seizures by getting appropriate medical attention.?? Seizures during alcohol withdrawal can be life-threatening, so call 911 if think you think someone going through alcohol withdrawal is having a seizure.? What Are the Symptom Stages for Alcohol Withdrawal?

Roman Engineering Essay - 616 Words

Roman Engineering The ancient Romans were skilled engineers and have left lasting contributions in this field. The Romans built a great network of roads connecting cities throughout their empire. They also built aqueducts and bridges using arches for support. The Roman arch design was by far the most important innovation of their time. The arch, however, would have been useless without the discovery of concrete. The Romans had many other such discoveries that would make their engineering skills known throughout the world. The Romans discovered many things that would aid the construction of their great civilization. The Romans discovered that a particular mixture of volcanic rock rubble and water could be used to create very strong†¦show more content†¦These roads were so well built that some of them are still in use by modern travelers. Romans knew that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line and built their roads incredibly straight, stretching for miles without a single turn. The use of stone in building roads enabled people to travel during inclement weather while dirt roads may remain too muddy to travel upon for many days after a hard rain. The Ancient Romans also knew of a road building technique that escapes the builders of modern roads in states such as Florida. This technique is known as crowning, this involves making the center of the roads higher than the sides, with a gradual slope to allow water to run off the sides instead of collecting in the middle. By the time the great Roman Empire fell, the Roman Army had built roads connecting all of their empire to Rome. One of Roman Engineering’s greatest accomplishments was the use of the arch. The arch shape is very strong, able to support great amounts of weight. This allowed Romans to build massive structures that would stand for many centuries. The Romans adapted the arch design to fit many purposes. The barrel vault is merely an elongated arch; this was used for buildings tombs and sewers. The dome is an adaptation of the arch. The dome is an arch revolved on its vertical axis. The best example of the dome in ancient Rome is the Pantheon. The basic arch was used in almost every large building in Rome. Romans also usedShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Architecture And Engineering1798 Words   |  8 Pagestribes, the Roman Empire was done for, and had no chance of coming back to greatness; so why is it still looked upon as an amazing feat of ruling? A legacy is a reminder of something, like an empire, that was once great and inspired many things today, the way Roman architecture and engineering has. If we didn t have any of these great Roman architectural feats, then many people today wouldn t have a roof over their heads, and it would take much longer to get from place to place. The Roman legaciesRead MoreThe Influence of Roman Engineering and Architecture1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe ingeniousness and beauty of Roman architecture has not been lost on us in the 2000 years since it was built. Even today, we still marvel at what incredible builders the Romans were, and at the sheer scale and integrity of many of their projects. It is hard to argue that today’s architecture will maintain the same lasting grandeur as that which the Romans built. 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I on the other hand privately do have job experience, but this is through a small family business manufacturing custom window treatments. Ever since I was a young child, many professors told me to not cite family as a credible source of job experience

Personal Statement On The Ending Of A Friendship - 1628 Words

Introduction The band, Semisonic once sang in their hit song â€Å"Closing Time†, â€Å"Every new beginning comes from some other beginning’s end†. I was lucky to stumble upon this lyric as I began writing my relationship analysis paper on the ending of a friendship because it helped me realize that just because this friendship may have failed, I’ve learned so much from it and I’ve learned what being a friend truly is. I have gotten to experience new beginnings from the ending of the one I had with Julie and have been able to grow from it. During my sophomore year of high school, I struggled with finding my identity. Was I the druggy, the goody two shoes, the athletic one? I had no idea. In math class one day a girl reached out to me though, and I thought I was finally going to find my identity. But, to my dismay I learned that my identity was not going to be found in Julie, I would have to find and create it myself. 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Professionalism in Sports Free Essays

string(91) " in the practice games, train more or less, and get a great deal of benefit from the work\." PROFESSIONALISM IN SPORTS August 1890 – The North American Review It is hardly necessary at the present day to enter a plea for athletic exercise and manly outdoor sports. During the last twenty-five years there has been a wonderful growth of interest in and appreciation of healthy muscular amusements; and this growth can best be promoted by stimulating, within proper bounds, the spirit of rivalry on which all our games are based. The effect upon the physique of the sedentary classes, especially in the towns and cities, has already been very marked. We will write a custom essay sample on Professionalism in Sports or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are much less liable than we were to reproaches on the score of our national ill health, of the bad constitutions of our men, and of the fragility and early decay of our women. There are still plenty of people who look down on, as of little moment, the proper development of the body; but the men of good sense sympathize as little with these as they do with the even more noxious extremists who regard physical development as an end instead of a means. As a nation we have many tremendous problems to work out, and we need to bring every ounce of vital power possible to their solution. No people has ever yet done great and lasting work if its physical type was infirm and weak. Goodness and strength must go hand in hand if the Republic is to be preserved. The good man who is ready and able to strike a blow for the right, and to put down evil with the strong arm, is the citizen who deserves our most hearty respect. There is a certain tendency in the civilization of our time to underestimate or overlook the need of the virile, masterful qualities of the heart and mind which have built up and alone can maintain and defend this very civilization, and which generally go hand in hand with good health and the capacity to get the utmost possible use out of the body. There is no better way of counteracting this tendency than by encouraging bodily exercise, and especially the sports which develop such qualities as courage, resolution, and endurance. The best of all sports for this purpose are those which follow the Macedonian rather than the Greek model: big-game hunting, mountaineering, the chase with horse and hound, all wilderness life with all its keen, hardy pleasures. The hunter and mountaineer lead healthier lives in time of need they would make better soldiers than the trained athlete. Nor need these pleasures be confined to the rich. The trouble with our men of small means is quite as often that they do not know how to enjoy pleasures lying at their doors as that they cannot afford them. From New York to Minneapolis, from Boston to San Francisco, there is no large city from which it is impossible to reach a tract of perfectly wild, wooded or mountainous land within forty-eight hours; and any two young men who can get a months holiday in August or September cannot use it to better advantage than by tramping on foot, pack on back, over such a tract. Let them go alone; a season or two will teach them much woodcraft, and will enormously increase their stock of health, hardihood, and self-reliance. If one carries a light rifle or fowling-piece, and the other a fishing rod, they will soon learn to help fill out their own bill of fare. Of course they must expect to find the life pretty hard, and filled with disappointments at first; but the cost will be very trifling, and if they have courage, their reward is sure to come. However, most of our people, whether from lack of means, time, or inclination, do not take to feats of this kind, and must get their fun and exercise in athletics proper. The years of late boyhood and early manhood say from twelve or fourteen to twenty-eight or thirty, and often until much later are those in which athletic sports prove not only most attractive, but also most beneficial to the individual and the race. In college and in most of the schools which are preparatory for college rowing, foot-ball, base-ball, running, jumping, sparring, and the like have assumed a constantly increasing prominence. Nor is this in any way a matter for regret. Of course any good is accompanied by some evil; and a small number of college boys, who would probably turn out badly anyhow, neglect everything for their sports, and so become of little use to themselves or any one else. But as a whole college life has been greatly the gainer by the change. Only a small proportion of college boys are going to become real students and do original work in literature, science, or art; and these are certain to study their best in any event. The others are going into business or law or some kindred occupation; and these, of course, can study but little that will be directly of use to them in after-life. The college education of such men should be largely devoted to making them good citizens, and able to hold their own in the world; and character is far more important than intellect in making a man a good citizen or successful in his calling meaning by character not only such qualities as honesty and truthfulness, but courage, perseverance, and self-reliance. Now, athletic sports, if followed properly, and not elevated into a fetish, are admirable for developing character, besides bestowing on the participants an invaluable fund of health and strength. In each of the larger colleges there are from fifty to a hundred men who, on the various class and college crews and ball teams, or in the track and gymnasium games, compete for the different championships; and for every one such man who actually competes there are five or ten who take part in the practice games, train more or less, and get a great deal of benefit from the work. You read "Professionalism in Sports" in category "Essay examples" The careful system of measurements which have been taken at Harvard shows a marked improvement in the physique of the men even during the last ten years; and what is more important this shows that this improvement is, if anything, more marked in the case of the average man than in that of the picked champions. The colleges contain but a small proportion of the men interested in amateur athletics, as can be seen by the immense number of ball clubs, rowing clubs, polo clubs, hunt clubs, bicycle clubs, snow-shoe clubs, lacrosse clubs, and athletic clubs proper which are to be found scattered among our cities and towns. Almost any man of sedentary life who wishes to get exercise enough to keep him in vigorous health can readily do so at one of these clubs; and an increasing proportion of our young men are finding this out and acting accordingly. More than one of our most famous athletes originally took to athletics for his health; and, on the other hand, be it remembered always that the sports which prove most bene- ficial bodily to a man are those which interest and amuse him. If he belongs to a rowing club or baseball nine, the eagerness and excitement of a contest with a rival association spur him on to keep his body in good condition; and, as with the college athletes, there are scores of outsiders, whom these championship contests attract, and whose love for athletics is increased thereby, for every individual contestant who directly participates in them. It is needless to say that under the head of manly sports I do not in elude pigeon-shooting; and still less rabbit-coursing, or any other game where the man does nothing but look on. Already this awakening of interest in manly sports, this proper care of the body, have had a good effect upon our young men; but there are, of course, accompanying dangers in any such movement. With very few exceptions the man who makes some athletic pursuit his main business, instead of turning to it as a health-giving pastime, ceases to be a particularly useful citizen. Of course I do not refer to the men who act as trainers and instructors at the different colleges and clubs ; these perform a most useful and honorable function, and among them several could be named who have rendered as high service as any men in the community. But the amateur athlete who thinks of nothing but athletics, and makes it the serious business of his life, becomes a bore, if nothing worse. A young man who has broken a running or jumping record, who has stroked a winning club crew, or played on his college nine or eleven, has a distinct claim to our respect; but if, when middle-aged, he has still done nothing more in the world, he forfeits even this claim which he originally had. It is so in an even more marked degree with the professional athlete. In America the difference between amateurs and professionals is in one way almost the reverse of what it is in England, and accords better with the ways of life of our democratic community. In England the average professional is a man who works for his living, and the average amateur is one who does not; whereas with us the amateur usually is, and always ought to be, a man who, like other American citizens, works hard at some regular calling, it matters not what, so long as it is respectable, while the professional is very apt to be a gentleman of more or less elegant leisure, aside from his special pursuit. The mere statement of the difference is enough to show that the amateur, and not the professional, is the desirable citizen, the man who should be encouraged. Our object is to get as many of our people as possible to take part in manly, healthy, vigorous pastimes, which will benefit the whole nation; it is not to produce a limited class of athletes who shall make it the business of their lives to do battle with one another for the popular amusement. Most masterful nations have shown a strong taste for manly sports. In the old days, when we ourselves were still a people of backwoodsmen, at every merrymaking there were sure to be trials f skill and strength, at running, wrestling, and rifleshooting, among the young men. We should encourage by every method the spirit which makes such trials popular; it is a very excellent revival of old-time American ways. But the existence of a caste of gladiators in the midst of a population which does not itself participate in any manly sports is usu ally, as it was at Rome, a symptom of national decadence. The Romans who, when the stern and simple strength of Rome was departing, flocked to the gladiatorial shows, were influenced only by a ferocious craving for bloody excitement; not by any sympathy with men of stout heart and tough sinew. So it is, to a lesser extent, today. In baseball alone, the professional teams, from a number of causes, have preserved a fairly close connection with non-professional players, and have done good work in popu- larizing a most admirable and characteristic American game ; but even here the outlook is now less favorable, and, aside from this one pastime, professionalism is the curse of many an athletic sport, and the chief obstacle to its healthy development. Professional rowing is under a dark cloud of suspicion because of the crooked practices which have disgraced it. Horse-racing is certainly not in an ideal condition. A prize-fight is simply brutal and degrading. The people who attend it, and make a hero of the prizefighter, are, excepting boys who go for fun and dont know any better,to a very great extent, men who hover on the border-line of criminality; and those who are not are speedily brutalized, and are never rendered more manly. They form as ignoble a body as do the kindred frequenters of rat-pit and cock-pit. The prizefighter and his fellow professional athletes of the same ilk are, together with their patrons in every rank of life, the very worst foes with whom the cause of general athletic development has to contend – THEODORE ROOSEVELT. How to cite Professionalism in Sports, Essay examples

Panasonic Report Essay Example

Panasonic Report Essay The story of what became the Panasonic Corporation began in Osaka, Japan in 1918; this was when Konosuke Matsushita invented a revolutionary two-socket light bulb (Duplex Light Bulb). With only 3 employees and himself he produced and sold the light bulbs from his home in Osaka. Matsushita’s idea was so highly regarded he had to rent his neighbour’s house to keep up with demand. In 1992 however Matsushita could not handle the demand from his home any longer, so in 1992 he leased a 230m2 site nearby, completing construction of a factory and office in July. By the end of the year, employees numbered more than 50. Whilst doing this Matsushita continued to research new products and in 1923 he invented a new type of bicycle lamp called the â€Å"bullet lamp† due to its bullet like shape (seen in the picture to the right. )(http://panasonic. net/history/corporate/chronicle/1923-01. html). This was a breakthrough in bicycle lamps at the time as many cyclists used oil lanterns as a way of illumination. Although there were some battery powered lights available many of them only last 3-4 hours before running out, Matsushita’s â€Å"Bullet Lamp† promised to last ten times that. We will write a custom essay sample on Panasonic Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Panasonic Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Panasonic Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The 1930’s proved to be a massive decade for Matsushita Electric Manufacturing Devices. 1931 see the invention of a radio, at this time many of the radio’s tuning into Japan’s national broadcasting station were unreliable and Matsushita had experienced this himself vowing to build a radio â€Å"that doesn’t break†. In 1930 Matsushita set up Kokudo Electric Co. A joint venture with a radio manufacturer. After a string of unreliable and unsuccessful models Matsushita demanded a radio that met his expectations, and three months post this Kokudo Electric Co. Developed a radio set that immediately won a prize sponsored by the Japanese National broadcasting station (seen left) (http://panasonic. net/history/corporate/chronicle/1931-02. html). Matsushita sold these for a much higher price than the rest of the highly competitive market, however it was a small price to pay for a reliable radio, and Matsushita milked the market for maximum profits. The story of Panasonic Corporation began in Osaka, Japan in 1918, when Konosuke Matsushita invented a two-socket light bulb. He started producing nd selling the light bulb from his own house, with just 3 employees. The invention of a new type of bicycle lamp came in 1923, followed by the development of the first radio just 8 years later. In 1935 they launched their first television, an area of production that has since proved immensely successful. 1935 also marked a turning point in the size, production and sheer growth of Panasonic Corporation. This particular year saw the company manufacturing 600 different kinds of product with sales extending to overseas markets for the first time.

Political economy of agrarian change The WritePass Journal

Political economy of agrarian change Introduction Political economy of agrarian change IntroductionAre redistributive land reforms possible and if so are they desirable today?BibliographyRelated Introduction Are redistributive land reforms possible and if so are they desirable today? Land reform (LR) is defined as a ‘legislation intended and likely to redistribute ownership of current farmland, and thus benefit the poor by raising their absolute and relative status, power, and/or income, compared with likely situations without the legislation’ (Lipton, 2009:124). Thus, land-based wealth and power are transferred from the monopoly control of private landed class to landless working poor. This, however, is far from being universal. LR has had a rollercoaster ride in the toolbox of development strategies from a panacea that would cure all ills and help replicate the successes of Japan and Korea, to venom that destroys property rights and creates unviable production units that lead to agricultural decline and urban migration as it has purportedly done in Latin America. The issue of LR is indeed complex and nuanced. A deeper understanding of LR, therefore, is imperative. This essay discusses the desirability and possibility of LR. On one spectrum, it will argue for the desirability of land reform in terms of efficiency and poverty reduction. On the other spectrum, it will venture arguments for the possibility of LR. It concludes that LR remains alive, active and acts as a beacon of hope for those with limited or no access to land. This essay begins assessing the possibility of LR in contemporary developing countries. It argues that LR is not only possible but an ongoing battle. It is back on the policy agenda of international development institutions since the 1990s and has not disappeared since then (Borras, 2010). It was in the mid-1990s when land struggles caught the attention of the world. Three of these were the most important, the Chiapas uprising in Mexico, the state-investigated land invasions by black landless poor of white commercial farms in Zimbabwe, and the resurgence of militant peasant land occupations in Brazil reminiscent of the actions by the peasant land of the 1950s but much greater in scale and political sophistication (Akram-Lodhi et al, 2007). While the international development community grappled with the meanings and implications of such complex conflicts, trans-national agrarian movements (TAMs) emerged (Borras, 2010).   La Via Campesina (VC) is to be mentioned, beside the Internati onal Federation of Agricultural Producers and the IPC for Food Sovereignty. VC, for example, is an international movement of poor peasants and small farmers from the global South and North, which was established in 1993 as a critical response to neoliberalism and which is still very much active today (Ibid, 2010). VC validates what Ronald Herring (2003) observed, namely that LR was taken off the ‘policy agenda’ of national and international agencies in the 1980s, but never left the ‘political agendas’ of the peasants and their organisations. Herring explained that ‘even dead LR are not dead; they become nodes around which future peasant mobilisations emerge because promises unkept keep movements alive’ (Ibid, 2003: 123). Today, as in the case 50 years ago, severe poverty remains mainly rural with extreme land inequalities. As the World Bank study in 2003 shows 17.8% of the population in East and South East Asia live under 1.25$. The figure however is much higher for Latin America (38.6%) and drastic in Sub-Saharan Africa (50.3%). Further, though the LR thrust weakened from the mid-1970s, observers (de Janvry and Sadoulet,1989) saw factors tending to revive it. First, form the mid-1980s, spreading democracy and political organisation led to civil-society activism, including land invasions to press for enforcement of unimplemented LR laws (Binswanger-Mkhize, 2009). Second, growth of new markets induced many giant, near-feudal haciendas to become commercial farms; turned tied workers from feudal workers into casual, part-time employees, who are freer to press for LR (Bernstein, 2003). Third, in faster-growing countries, urban growth shifted visible poverty priorities at national levels from farms towards cities (Lipton, 2009). Thus, internal dynamics – urbanisation, unequal land and power distribution, and the expansion of democratic-consciousness among the rural population supported, rather than kill, LR in twenty-first century. Since the Mexican revolution of 1910, internal dynamics decide whether LR slows, pauses, resumes or accelerates. Sometimes it was seen as complete, either having reached its limits or succumbed to limitations, mainly underperformance and unpopularity due to collectivist rather than distributives approaches (Olsen, 1971). But in no country did LR quite die or became impossible rather it has resumed or speeded up. Indeed in some countries LR sputtered on with many stops and starts. The timing of slowdowns or reversals varied, from 1910 in Mexico or 1973 in Chile. The timing of resumption or acceleration also varied, from the early 1990s in Brazil to 2006-08 in Bolivia and Venezuela (Sen, 1997). Many huge farms have partly transformed from haciendas to partly modernised commercial farms but gross, growth-inhibiting, and largely inherited land inequality remains unaddressed – making LR vital and crucial as ever. LR, therefore, is not impossible. Much had happened; some is happening now; more remains relevant and likely. Globally, LR recedes and advances, is fulfilled or abandoned, inspires new pressures and programmes or becomes dormant with old ones. Since LR is still not only possible today but also a burning issue, the question now is whether it is also desirable. Opponents of LR, for example, Lipton (2008) argue that with increased expansion of capitalism, large farms become more suitable than small farms – rendering LR superfluous. Worldwide, rapid technical change and globalisation confront farmers with transformed processing and marketing arrangements, often impinging on production. Larger farms are considered under these circumstances as more efficient, thus advantages of smallness are reversed by economic development, globalisation and supermarkets. Moreover, it is argued that LR is internally inconsistent often due to loopholes inserted by lawmakers under pressure from large landowners (Ibid, 2008). LR, so argued, gives ‘too’ much power to the state so that the goal of putting control of land in the hands of the poor is subverted, and the reform abused to extract enforced surplus from rural people, in cluding the poor. Also argued is that LR is politically infeasible because political and social costs of implementation far exceeds benefits of reform (Rashid and Quibria, 1995). Yet, all these arguments considered are as amiss. There are two different discourses arguing in favour of LR. The one is Marxist, positivist, evolutionist, the other, neo-liberal and technocratic (Borras et al, 2010). The one has developed in Eastern and Central Europe during the late nineteenth century; the other after World War II in the technocratic language of development policy. Both traditions have resonances in today’s LR debate, however with competing political ideologies, reasoning, and conclusions. While it must be acknowledged that the debate about LR also includes institutional economics or livelihood economics, a further inquiry thereof is beyond the scope of this essay (Cousins et al., 2010). The main neo-liberal argument for LR lies in the inverse-relationship paradigm (IR) (Deiniger, 1999). The rationale is that small scale farmers are residual claimants to profits and have an incentive to provide greater efforts in the process of production. The reason for this is the following: small farms have advantages in managing labour, but larger farms in managing capital. Capital and large-farm advantage loom larger as a source of higher land productivity in developed, labour scarce rural areas; labour, and small-farm advantage, count for more in developing, capital scarce countries. Griffin, Khan and Ickowitz (2002) conclude that since the ratio of interest rates to wages is relatively low in large farms with access to credit, they tend to adopt relatively more capital intensive method of production. Small farmers on the other hand, so argued, tend to have worse access to capital and therefore tend to economize on it by adopting relatively more labour intensive technology. Sma ll farmers, therefore, generate more employment. Since the factor proportions are typically skewed in favour of labour as the abundant, small farms utilize resources more efficiently. Following this line of reasoning, there appears to be a clear policy outcome; economic policies should be geared towards reallocating land away from large farm holdings to small family farms since it is the most effective means of boosting efficiency and output. The desirability of LR based on IR, however, is disputable. Today, it is assumed that the connection between size and productivity is fallacious – even among neo-liberal economists. While the World Bank supported the IR in 1975, it now claims that ‘land ownership ceiling have been generally ineffective†¦to facilitate the break-up of big farms, and instead have led to red tapes, spurious subdivisions, and corruption’ (Binswanger-Mkhize, 2009). To argue further, IR paradigm suffers from methodological shortcomings semantic relativism. What is a ‘small’ farm? There is no general consensus on this and it varies with each case study on IR. For example, Van Zyl (1996) conducted a study into South African agriculture in which he stated that, ‘significant efficiency gains can be made if farm sizes in the commercial sector become smaller (in Sender and Johnston, 2004:152). However, the definition of a ‘small farm’ used in this study wa s one with over 500 hectares. To argue that a 500 hectare farm is a ‘small’ scale farm is preposterous when compared to a small farm in Bangladesh which normally counts for 1-2 hectare (Khan, 2004). The term ‘small’ is used ambiguously in many investigations into agriculture and productivity. Therefore, until there is a clear definition of what constitutes a ‘small’ farm, it is difficult to accept evidence about higher productivity on ‘small’ farms without a pinch of salt. Second, IR suffers from theoretical limitations. IR ignores peasant differentiation and differences in land quality (Byres, 2004b). Small peasants are not heterogeneous. In each size group, some farms are run and worked by kin, others by employees; some are remote, others peri-urban; some have favourable land, others not, some are well-managed, others not. Simple measures, which regress annual farm output per hectare against farm size, miss out these factors. In statistics term, the ‘bivariate’ IR hides ‘missing variables’, and thus hides ‘unobserved heterogeneity’ within farm size-groups (Dyer, 2004). Moreover, smaller farms may have higher output per hectare, not because of its smallness, but because of its higher land-water quality (Ibid, 2004). Small farm land with poor soil quality can not be a guarantee for higher agricultural output. The desirability of LR from a Marxist perspective, however takes a different stance. According to political economists, LR’s desirability lies in its contribution to the resolution of the agrarian question (AQ). The AQ constitutes the continued existence in the countryside, in a substantive sense, of obstacles to an unleashing of accumulation in both the countryside itself and more generally - in particular, the accumulation associated with capitalist industrialisation (Byres, 2004a).Byres’ definition demonstrates the historical contribution of LR to develop capitalist economies. It was LR that unleashed the forces of production necessary for a ‘primitive accumulation’ by eroding feudal and semi-feudal relations of production and replacing them with a class of capitalist farmers and one of wage labourers. The resolution of the AQ was achieved in a variety of ways, ‘from above’, as in the case of nineteenth century Prussia, where a land owning class metamorphosed into an agrarian capitalist class, or ‘from below’ in America, where peasants differentiate themselves over time into classes of agrarian capital (Ibid, 2004a). To destroy the power of pre-capitalist property class, LR is required. The function of LR in this context, therefore, lies in its contribution as the promoter of capitalism in pre-capitalist areas. Contemporary AQ, however, is centred on the crisis of the reproduction of increasingly fragmented classes of labour within a capitalist system (Bernstein, 2009). Here, the desirability of LR is argued on the basis of securing the livelihood of peasants. Land is seen as ‘a basic livelihood asset, the principal form of natural capital from which people produce food and earn a living’ (Cousins et al 2010:32). Land also ‘provides a supplementary source of livelihoods for rural workers and the urban poor’ and ‘as a heritable asset, land is the basis for the wealth and livelihood security of future rural generations’ (Ibid, 2010:33). Moreover, Kay (1988) buttresses LR by arguing that small-scale farming is multiplier-rich. LR enhances growth for the overall economy because family farmers spend more of their incomes in the locally produced goods than do larger farms, creating a positive relationship between family farms and non-farm incomes in the loca l economy. In China, for instance, access to land enabled peasants to take increased risk and move into non-farm activities which produced the boom in small-scale entrepreneurship (Bramall, 2004). From a Marxist perspective henceforth, desirability of LR not only results in capital accumulation but in improved prospects for the livelihood security of differentiated classes of labour, for whom farming may be only one source of income. So far we have considered the desirability of LR entirely from an economic perspective. Leaving this aside, LR has also major socio-political implications – buttressing the desirability argument. Advocates of political LR, appreciate, for instance, the dissolution of feudal relationships of production and excessively concentrated and exploitative à ©lite power structures (Bhaduri, 1973). While the main goal of land reformers is to enhance the rural poor’s access to land, it is also to reduce poverty, inequality, and to increase liberty (Sen, 2001). Having land on their own, the poor rely less on non-farm employment, emergency loans, or trade with local ‘rural tyrants’ (Hall, 2004) who are almost always major land controllers, but often also employers, landlords, lenders with interlocking market power over things that the local poor can neither live without nor, in many cases readily get elsewhere. Political LR, also include the creation of political stabil ity and peace. In post-conflict situations, this would suggest a focus on provision of land to war-veterans and people displaced by war. In Zimbabwe, for instance, LR focused on white-owned farms and exempted black owners from expropriation (Jacobs, 2000). In post-colonial situations, the political LR also included correcting the racial imbalance in land ownership (Algeria, East-Southern Africa) and empowering members of the new elite (Kenya and Zimbabwe) (Lipton, 2004). Therefore LR, apart from having economic benefits, contributes to unlock many of today’s rural societies from quasi-feudalism. LR – its desirability and possibility – has been hotly debated among various economic ideologies. Yet, in a world of continuing poverty and inequality, slow agricultural growth, changing economic structures, rapid urbanisation, profound challenges of climate structures, and rapid urbanisation, institutions, policies and pressures concerning access to and use of land are as important as ever. In the past century, LR played a central role in the time-paths of rural and national poverty, progress, freedom, conflict, and suffering. Arguing that LR is ‘passà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- is therefore erroneous. And such thinking underrates the reach of LR. LR, like education or tax reform, is a thrust towards more equitable and efficient distribution. The thrust weakens or strengthens with economic situations and power balances, but does not become impossible. For the next half-century at least, where agriculture continues central to the lives of the poor, the role of LR will not declin e. Indeed growing populations, scarcer land, and the low and falling employment intensity of non-farm growth may well increase pressures for and resistance to LR. Although, it carries the potential for severe land conflicts, it nevertheless permits huge gains, in terms of liberty and peace as well as growth and reduced inequality. Bibliography Akram-Lodhi, A.H., Borras, M. Jr, Kay,C., and McKinley, T. (2007), Land, poverty and livelihoods in an era of globalization.London: Routledge. Bernstein, H. (2009), ‘Agrarian questions from transition to globalization’, in A Haroon Akram Lodhi and C Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization. Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge. Bernstein, H. (2003), ‘Land Reform in Southern Africa in World-Historical Perspective’, Review of African Political Economy, vol.30, no.96. Bhaduri, A. (1973), ‘A study in economic backwardness under semi-feudalism’. Economic Journal vol.5, no.83. Binswanger-Mkhize, H. P (2009), Agricultural Land Redistribution. Towards a Greater Consensus. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Bloch, M. (1964), Feudal Society: The growth of ties of dependence. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Borras, S., Kay C., and Lahiff E. (2007), ‘Market-Led Agrarian Reform: Policies, Performance and Prospects’, Third World Quarterly, vol.28, no.8. Borras, S., and Franco, J. (2010), ‘Contemporary Discourses and Contestations around Pro-poor Land Policies and Land Governance’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 10, no.1. Borras, S. (2010), ‘The Politics of Transnational Agrarian Movements’, Development and Change, vol. 41, no.5. Bramall, C. (2004), ‘Chinese Land Reform in Long-Run Perspective and in the Wider East Asian Context’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4, no 12. Byres, T.J. (2004a), ‘Neo-Classical Neo-populism 25 Years On: Dà ©j vu and Dà ©j Passà ©. Towards a Critique ’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no.12. Byres, T.J. (2004b), ‘Introduction: Contextualizing and Interrogating the GKI Case for Redistributive Land Reform’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no 12. Chimhowu, A. and Woodhouse, A. (2006), ‘Customary vs. Private Property Rights? Dynamics and Trajectories of Vernacular Land Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.6, no.3. Cousins, B. and Scoones I. (2010), ‘Contested paradigms of ‘viability’ in redistributive land reform: perspectives from Southern Africa’. Journalof Peasant Studies, vol. 37, no. 1. Deininger, K. (1999), ‘Making Negotiated Land Reform Work: Initial Experience from Columbia, Brazil and South Africa’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, Washington D.C: World Bank. Deininger, K. (2003), Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Dyer, G. (2004), ‘Redistributive Land Reform: No April Rose.   The Poverty of Berry and Cline and GKI on the Inverse Relationship’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4., no12. De Janvry, A. and Sadoulet, E. (1989), ‘Path dependent policy reforms: from land reform to rural development in Columbia’, in Hoff et al., 2003, the Economics of Rural organisation: Theory, practise, and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Griffin, K., Khan, R., and Ickowitz, A.(2002), ‘Poverty and the Distribution of Land’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 2, no.3 Griffin, K., Khan, A.R., and Ickowitz, A. (2004), ‘In Defence of Neo-Classical Neo-Populism’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no 3. Hall, R. (2004), ‘A Political Economy of Land Reform in South Africa’, Review of African Political Economy, vol.100, Herring, R. (2003) Carrots, Sticks and Ethnic Conflict: Rethinking Development Assistance. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. Jacobs, S. (2000), ‘Zimbabwe: Why Land Reform is a Gender Issue’, Sociological Research Online, vol. 5, no.2. Johnston, D. and Le Roux, H. (2007), ‘Leaving the Household out of Family Labour: The Implications for the Size-Efficiency Debate’, European Journal of Development Research. Kay, C. (1998), ‘Latin Americas agrarian reform: lights and shadows’. Land reform, Land Settlement and Co-operatives, vol.2, no.7. Kevane, M. and Gray, L.C. (1999), ‘A Womans Field is Made at Night: Gendered Land Rights and Norms in Burkina Faso’, Feminist Economics, vol. 5, no.1. Khan, M.H. (2004), ‘Power, Property Rights and the Issue of Land Reform: A General Case Illustrated with Reference to Bangladesh’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4, no 12. Lipton M. (2009), Land Reform in Developing Countries. Property rights and property wrongs. London: Routledge. Manji, A. (2003), ‘Capital, Labour and Land Relations in Africa: A Gender Analysis of the World Banks Policy Research Report on Land Institutions and Land Policy’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 24, no.1. Olsen, M. (1971), The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Peters, P. (2004), ‘Inequality and Social Conflict Over Land in Africa’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4, no.3. Rashid, S. and Quibria, M. (1995), Critical Issues in Asia Development: Theories, Experiences and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Schultz, T. (1964) Transforming Traditional Agriculture. New Haven: Yale University Press. Sen, A. K. (1997), ‘Radical Needs and Moderate Reforms’, in J. Dreze and A.K Sen (eds), Indian Development: Selected Regional Perspectives, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sen, A. K. (2001), Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sender, J. and Johnston, D. (2004), ‘Searching for a Weapon of Mass Production in Rural Africa: Unconvincing Arguments for Land Reform’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no.12. Vergera-Camus, L. (2009), ‘The MST and the EZLN struggle for land: new forms of peasant rebellions’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 9, no.3. Walker, C. (2002). ‘Agrarian Change, Gender And Land Reform: A South African Case Study’, UNRISD Social Policy Development Programme, Paper no 10. Woodhouse, P. (2003), ‘African Enclosures: A Default Mode of Development’, World Development vol.31, no.10.

Awesome Cover Letter Examples for College Students to Engage Employers

Awesome Cover Letter Examples for College Students to Engage Employers Awesome Cover Letter Examples for College Students to Engage Employers Writing a cover letter for resume as an undergraduate or freshly graduated student is both an exciting and difficult prospect. While many students focus on writing their resumes in order to impress their future employers, it’s important to note that both your resume and the cover letter for resume you send are what make your application. They both serve as a way of communicating who you are and how the company you are applying for can benefit from having you. It’s a two-way street after all. Many students will complain that their cover letter wasn’t good enough and that’s why they were turned down. While it’s not impossible, the more probable cause was that they mass e-mailed a resume with a cover letter and crossed their fingers. This is not how you apply for an internship or a job position. It shows that you don’t care about your employer and only think about yourself. Let’s take a look at how you can write a cover letter for resume in order to get hired. Do your research The best way to come up with perfect content for your application paper is by doing research. What does your dream company do? How long are they in business? Who is their CEO? Any and all information that you find about the company that you are chasing for an internship will help you a great deal. It will show that you care about them and do your work thoroughly. You can look up some cover letter examples in order to have a better understanding of what a company is looking for in its interns. The most prominent and developed companies don’t look for your academic background but for your particular set of skills. The most sought after skill in the corporate world is leadership. The ability to manage people and projects. Not how high your grade was in a particular course. Adapt to your company’s needs and you will be on your way of earning that internship you are looking for. Adapt your writing There is a cover letter for resume example everywhere you look, and knowing which style and tone of voice to acquire in order to impress your employer is part of the writing process. Some of the cover letter examples for students offer very detailed and step-by-step guides on how to craft your cover letter. Make sure that you study each one in order to recognize what style you need to use for that particular company. Are you sending your application via e-mail or in an envelope? Sometimes the envelope might be a great idea considering that it’s a dying fashion. It will help you look professional and elegant; making sure that your cover letter for resume actually gets read. Manage expectations The fact of the matter is that you are not the only person applying for a particular internship. It doesn’t mean that you should panic, only think critically about the chances you have. The most common mistake many students make is that they think the cover letter for resume is the first thing that your future employers will read when they receive your application. While in some cases that might be true, your employer is more interested in your resume. If it is well written and has everything that that particular employer wants in an intern, he or she will read your cover letter. Only then will the cover letter for resume come into play when applying for an internship. This means that your resume must be on par with what the company is looking for. It has to be well written and formatted, but most importantly it needs to fill the employer with confidence that you are the right person for them. It also means that you have to adapt your cover letter to your employer. While students think of internship more than they do of the company providing it, this has proven wrong in practice. You letter must be hand-crafted to cater to that particular company and only then does it have a chance in impressing your employer and landing you an internship. Format your paper While it’s important to adapt your writing to your employer, it’s even more important to format the paper properly. Try looking at some cover letter examples for students. You should start your cover letter for resume by greeting the person reading it (by name, mind you). The introduction of your paper should contain the reason for why you are writing the application and how you specifically can help the company. Employers are interested into why they should hire you and what benefit they have from you. Be sure to get straight to the point as soon as possible and your cover letter for resume will do the trick. The next paragraph should focus on your particular skills and again, how they can benefit the company. Make sure to keep the narrative going forward and don’t use the same sentences twice. It’s unprofessional and the employer will get the impression that you don’t have anything else to say. Use the final paragraph to close your cover letter for resume and state that you are looking forward to getting a phone call or an e-mail from the company. Always make sure that you give the reader a call-to-action, something that you expect them to do after they finish reading. As you’ve probably noticed by now, there is no way to write one cover letter and send it to multiple companies hoping that they will contact you; because they won’t. Adapt to your company of choice and craft the paper according to the research you’ve previously done. Following these tips and ideas will greatly increase your chances of earning an internship. It doesn’t mean that your cover letter for resume will be perfect, but it will be that much more professional and true to whom you are. Put every bit of hard work and effort into crafting your resume and cover letter; you will soon realize that hard work does pay off.

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS REQUIRES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FROM MANAGEMENT Essay

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS REQUIRES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FROM MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Guidelines are drawn to assist the employee understanding of the goal and objectives set by the management, more so, information is given to help the employees while taking corrective action and they are further given advise on how to go about bargaining their terms of employments, legislation and regulation. Employees relations is some times confused or used as a synonym for industrial relation since it deal with the relationship of workers and management and the conduct of workers in the in work place. To understand the employee relations, one must start by understanding the legal frame work in the work place, and then consider the social psychological influence aspect part of the employee in terms of trust, communication and commitment. In deep understanding of the employee relations, it's important to consider factors that influence the employer employee relationship Globalization is one of the factors affecting the employee relations, otherwise known as the industrial relations. Strategic management is important because changes in employee relations has resulted to increased bargaining power of the employees, flexibility in working time as well as changing job functions and this has occurred due to the increase in competition, product processes changes due to consumer awareness combined with the increasing essence in quality, productivity and skills. An integration of all these factors has had impact on the practices and policies of the management. While managing change in the firm, the employee involvement in making sure the change is effected is very important while the management has to ensure that the skills processed by the employees are compatible with those required in the market to meet the customer needs. The results of globalization are that:- Countries have become more interdependent economically than before due to the breakdown of barriers of trade hence they cannot become self reliant. Governments have been unable to control information, technology and capital flow across the boundaries. Markets are now not regulated allowing the goods, services and capital to integrate like the European Union Companies are becoming global entities which are forming the global webs due to de-nationalization of firms The firms have discovered the importance of remaining competitive in the market b y producing high quality services and goods A strategic human resource management is essential in making sure the objectives of production of high quality products, ability to counter fast to the dynamics of the market and continuous innovation are attained, and this can only be achieved through employee training, involvement and intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, this making the employee relations to be of paramount importance in management. In many firms which include the general motors, the employee relations are taken to consist of five values which have enabled the management to succeed in achieving its objectives, these are: How the works are organize Acquisition skills and development of employees Compensation and pay processes and structures Security arrangements on employment and staffing Labor management issues With the increased importance of the employee relations, the human resources is has shifted it focus to quality, innovation and reduction of the cost. The importance of human resource management (HRM) is reflected in the personnel management in the firms. Employee

Meaning and the Symbolical Features of Organisations Essay

Meaning and the Symbolical Features of Organisations - Essay Example The narratives, which is also referred to as organizational stories, sagas, and myths, work to guide members in understanding and representing the organization’s objective and the function of its members. The organizational narrative gives information about ideologies and standards, and it plays several roles in an organization—resolving gaps between the past and the present, moderating power relations, prevention of conflict, and reconciliation of tensions between individual and organizational interests (Gabriel, 2000, p.10). This essay discusses the relationship between narrative and heritage. A narrative in Organisations There is seven types of narrative that have been observed to occur in various organizations. First are narratives about how the organisation solves problems; second are narratives about how the person in charge or the manager responds to mistakes; third are stories addressing the issue of how much assistance or support an organisation will give to it s people when they have to transfer regularly; fourth are narratives about how an organisation acts when confronted with the likelihood of laying off or discharging employees (Czarniawska, 1998, pp. 2-3); fifth is a narrative about the likelihood of a praiseworthy employee being recognised or rewarded by the organisation; sixth is a narrative about the level of respect and compassion the manager shows in relation to his/her subordinates; and seventh is a narrative about breaking the rules wherein a senior manager violates a rule which his/her subordinate should then implement (Czarniawska, 1998, p. 3). Every narrative has good and bad versions, which always reveal the conflicts that develop from a tension between individual values and organizational interests. These conflicts relate to the problems of control vs. chaos, stability vs. instability, and equality vs. hierarchy within the organization (Lipman, 1999, p. 22). When these narratives or events come together to form a broader or more complete narrative, the central identity or purpose is formed. This central narrative consolidates events and experiences into a main interpretative system for the organization. In an article of the Administrative Quarterly Review, dedicated to the discussion of organizational culture, several organizational experts talked about techniques they have created for explaining the interpretative structures that work at more profound aspects of an organization (Polkinghorne, 1988, p. 122). For instance, as a support for planning and dealing with problems, Mitroff and Killman encouraged bosses to relate stories about an organization; afterward, they grouped them in accordance to the Jungian personality styles.

Cry , the Beloved Country: Post-Colonial Literary Theory :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

Cry , the Beloved Country: Post-Colonial Literary Theory Bibliography w/4 sources Cry , the Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a perfect example of post-colonial literature. South Africa is a colonized country, which is, in many ways, still living under oppression. Though no longer living under apartheid, the indigenous Africans are treated as a minority, as they were when Paton wrote the book. This novel provides the political view of the author in both subtle and evident ways. Looking at the skeleton of the novel, it is extremely evident that relationship of the colonized vs. colonizers, in this case the blacks vs. the whites, rules the plot. Every character’s race is provided and has association with his/her place in life. A black man kills a white man, therefore that black man must die. A black umfundisi lives in a valley of desolation, while a white farmer dwells above on a rich plot of land. White men are even taken to court for the simple gesture of giving a black man a ride. This is not a subtle point, the reader is i mmediately stricken by the diversities in the lives of the South Africans. The finer details of the book are what can really be looked at in terms of post-colonial theory. The fact that a native Zulu, Stephen Kumalo, is a priest of Christianity and speaks English, communicates how the colonized are living. Neither of these practices are native to his land, but they are treated by all as if they were. Small sentences are woven into the plot to further this point, such as the reoccurring European greetings. Another emphasis is on the learned customs of the people. In court when Kumalo finds that his son will be hanged, he is touched that a white man breaks the custom to help him walk outside. When the white boy raised his cap to Kumalo, he, "felt a strange pride that it should be so, and a strange humility that it should be so, and an astonishment that the small boy should not know the custom." (p. 234). The fact that this small courtesy was taken so heavily is overwhelming from a post-colonial point of view. Kumalo is so accustomed to the way of the land that he does not dare think that he deserves even this respect. Napoleon Letsisi is the character that reveals the significant political belief of the author.

Republic Act No. 9293

Section 15. Qualification requirement of applicants.Number of units in professional education required of non-education graduates. At least eighteen (18) units in professional educationSection 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:Section 26. Registration and Exception.No person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit. Who can be issued a license without examination?A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; or (b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presid ential Decree No. 1006.What is required of teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past 5 years? Take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of a least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of context courses or the equivalent training and number of hours .What is the required rating for para-teachers? Not lower than five percentage points from the passing general average rating. (The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher)Other tha para-teacher, who else are entitled to a special permit? A person who has excelled and gained international recognition and is a widely  acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of specialization.

The Social Construction Of Gender - 978 Words

Sociologist Peter Berger wrote in his â€Å"Invitation to Sociology† book that â€Å"social reality has layers of meaning, and the discovery of each new layer changes the perception of the whole.† (Berger 1963). Berger, as a sociologist responsible for helping create the social constructionism theory, is not just extending an invitation to sociology. He is already explaining how the world can be viewed by people who already are actively participating in society. This consciousness allows the layer of how people participate to be revealed, and under what circumstance do they engage in the discourse. Thinking within the sociological discipline, I reflected upon how I participated in a gendered society. As a masculine male, I demonstrate the social construction of gender by intersecting my performance with sex and uphold â€Å"normative† gender expectations by using pop culture as a way to reflect the idea of being a masculine male during social discourses. 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